Wednesday, April 27, 2016

The Unraveling...

As we uncover the distant past more is revealed.
-Daniel aka Obsidian


Handwriting Study Finds Clues on When Biblical Texts Written

Some biblical texts may have been written earlier than previously thought.

<p> Letters inscribed on pottery, known as ostracons, which were unearthed in an excavation of a fort in Arad, Israel, and dated to about 600 B.C. shortly before Nebuchadnezzar’s destruction of Jerusalem, are seen in Israel Museum in Jerusalem Tuesday, April 12, 2016. A Tel Aviv University team determined that this famous hoard of ancient Hebrew inscriptions was written by at least six different authors. Although the inscriptions are not from the Bible, their discovery suggests there was widespread literacy in ancient Judah at the time that would support the composition of biblical works.

A Tel Aviv University team determined that this famous hoard of ancient Hebrew inscriptions was written by at least six different authors. Although the inscriptions are not from the Bible, their discovery suggests there was widespread literacy in ancient Judah at the time that would support the composition of biblical works. Dan Balilty/AP


By DANIEL ESTRIN, Associated Press
JERUSALEM (AP) — Israeli mathematicians and archaeologists say they have found evidence to suggest that key biblical texts may have been composed earlier than what some scholars think.

Using handwriting analysis technology similar to that employed by intelligence agencies and banks to analyze signatures, a Tel Aviv University team determined that a famous hoard of ancient Hebrew inscriptions, dated to around 600 BC, were written by at least six different authors. Although the inscriptions are not from the Hebrew Bible, their discovery suggests there was widespread literacy in ancient Judah at the time that would support the composition of biblical works.

The findings, released Monday by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, an American scientific journal, contribute to a longstanding debate about when biblical texts first began to be compiled: did it take place before or after the Babylonian siege and destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC and the exile of its inhabitants to Babylon?

In recent years, many scholars have attributed the composition of a group of biblical texts, from the Book of Joshua to the second Book of Kings, to the period after the siege, according to Israeli archaeologist Israel Finkelstein, who participated in the study. That theory holds that the biblical texts were written as a result of the exile to Babylon, when the composers began to think about their past and put their history to parchment.
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Finkelstein, however, said he has long believed those texts were written in the late 7th century BC in Jerusalem, before the siege. He said the study offers support for that theory.

"It's the first time we have something empirical in our hands," said Finkelstein.

The team — made up of doctoral students in applied mathematics, math professors, archaeologists and a physicist — examined 16 ink inscriptions on ceramic shards discovered at the site of an ancient military fortress in Arad in southern Israel. It used multispectral imaging to reconstruct Hebrew letters that had been partially erased over time, and then used a computer algorithm to analyze the writings to detect differences in handwriting strokes.

Doctoral student Arie Shaus, who helped develop the algorithm, said it was the first time such technology has been used to reconstruct and perform handwriting analysis on ancient Hebrew inscriptions.




The inscriptions themselves are not biblical texts. Instead, they detail troop movements and expenses for provisions, indicating that people throughout the military chain of command down to the fort's deputy quartermaster were able to write. The tone of the inscriptions, which suggest they were not written by professional scribes, combined with the fortress' remote location, indicate a wide spread of literacy at the time, according to the study.

A high level of literacy would support the idea that some biblical texts had already been authored by this time. The Dead Sea Scrolls, the oldest known collection of certain biblical texts, are believed to date several centuries later.

Shmuel Ahituv, an Israeli bible scholar who did not participate in the study, also believes literacy in ancient Judah was widespread before 586 BC and that the biblical texts in question were written before the siege of Jerusalem. He said he believes this is apparent through a literary analysis of the biblical texts alone.

"I don't need algorithms," Ahituv chuckled.

Anomoly?

So, tell me what do you think about this?
-Obsidian aka Daniel


Spherical Rock in Bosnia Stirs Controversy

Suad Keserovic cleans a stone ball in Podubravlje village near Zavidovici, Bosnia and Herzegovina, April 11, 2016.
Suad Keserovic cleans a stone ball in Podubravlje village near Zavidovici, Bosnia and Herzegovina, April 11, 2016.

VOA News

An infamous would-be archaeologist is at it again, suggesting that some unique rock formations he has discovered in present day Bosnia, are proof of an ancient civilization that thrived there 1,500 years ago.

Semir Osmanagic has been combing the hills around Visocica since 2005 claiming the surrounding mountains were part of a giant collection of pyramids that he says could be 15,000 years old.
Since then he has been digging around the mountains but not turning up any archaeologically accepted proof of his claims.

His latest "find" is a large, spherical rock found in a Bosnian forest that he says could be the oldest such rock ever made by humans.

The rock is about 1.4 meters across and he says it has a very high amount of iron content.
Zavidovici. Bosnia and Herzegovina
Zavidovici. Bosnia and Herzegovina

Natural formation?
Scientists who have seen the rock say it is likely a natural formation and not a human construct.
But Osmanagic has received plenty of support and funding from the Bosnian government, and he is something of a celebrity in the area.But to the archaeological world he is a dangerous charlatan.

Anthony Harding, the president of the European Association of Archaeologists called his claims “a total absurdity,” according to The Telegraph.

"There is some genuine archaeology on the hill and I'm told it's medieval, possibly Bronze Age or Roman,” he said. “But the speculation that there could be a 12,000-year-old structure beneath is a complete fantasy and anyone with basic knowledge of archaeology or history should recognize that."

In an open letter written ten years ago, a group of scholars denounced Osmanagic that "... disgracefully, threatens to destroy parts of Bosnia's real heritage."
Still, its unlikely Osmanagic will stop pushing his theories or digging in the region.

The sphere is receiving similar scrutiny.

Mandy Edwards of the University of Manchester's School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences told The Daily Mail that the rock might not even be man-made but could have been formed by"precipitation of natural mineral cement within the spaces between sediment grains,” called concretion.